When a pawn reaches the eighth rank, it may be promoted to any piece (i.e. promoted to queen).

A player therefore may have more than one queen in this instance, or he/she may promote the pawn to any other piece (that they might already have). This is done by replacing the pawn with another piece of the player's choice (except another pawn or king). In most cases the best choice is that of a queen, however, in special circumstances another piece may be chosen.

A pawn promoted to queen may be either that of a previously captured queen, or a captured rook turned upside down to make a second queen.